What directly led to the abdication of tsar nicholas ii?

the russians' defeat at verdun
the revolution of 1905
vladimir lenin's return from exile
the garrison in petrograd joining the soviets

Which of these people was an apache leader who attacked troops and settlers in the united states and mexico when they tried to take apache land? asap

Me < 3 there are multiple ‘3rd party’ political parties in the us. what are the benefits of having 3rd parties? what are the disadvantages of being a member of one? would the u.s. benefit if there were more 3rd parties created, more support for the current ones, or would it be best to get rid of them altogether? why?

Which central government agency was responsible to provide news on the war? a. the central allied news network b. the office of war information c. the department of war intelligence d. the bureau of war services