There were four primary reasons why it was common for newly independent nations in africa to experience violence and civil war. these included: no history of self-government, no preparation, the influence of outside powers, and tensions among various groups

the flooding of the nile was not a perfect occurrence. this gave rise to the belief in the gods and a highly stratified social structure. at the top of the social structure were gods such as ra and osiris because the egyptians believed that they controlled the universe. the egyptians tried their best to the gods because if they were happy, then the nile would flood producing an abundance of crops and preventing famine. after the gods came the pharaohs in social status. the egyptian people believed the pharaoh to be a god in mortal form. they had absolute power over the dominion which required protection through the of government officials and soldiers. the rest of the people’s status went in the order of scribes, merchants, artisans, farmers, and finally slaves.