Contrast the central role of nationalism in unifying germany and italy.

The most important role of nationalism in both Germany and Italy was to make the people want the unification of their countries.

The Italic peninsula was a region divided into several independent political units. With the decisions of the Vienna Congress, it came to be dominated by Austrians and French, as well as by the Catholic Church.  The king of Piemonte-Sardinia, Carlos Alberto, led the first attempt of unification in 1848, declaring war against Austria. This declaration, based on liberal and nationalist ideals, encouraged rebellions in several states on the peninsula, but all were stifled by Austrian troops and by French intervention. With the defeat, Carlos Alberto abdicated to the throne in favor of its son Vitor Emanuel II. But the ideal of unification was kept alive by the nationalists.

The earliest origins of German nationalism began with romantic nationalism during the Napoleonic Wars when Pangermanism began to grow. The defense of a German nation became an important political force in response to the invasion of German territories by France under Napoleon. After the rise and fall of Nazi Germany that was opposed to Jews and others during World War II, German nationalism has generally been seen in the country as a taboo. However, during the Cold War, German nationalism grew by supporting the reunification of West and East Germany that was achieved in 1990.

federal appellate courts are called courts of appeals. cases can be further appealed to the u.s. supreme court. cases are heard for the first time in a trial court. if either party disagrees with the decision in the trial court, they can appeal, asking a higher court to review the decision.