What factor do plessy v. ferguson, brown v. board of education, and regents of california v. bakke have in common?

The factor that is common in Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v. Board of Education, and Regents of California v. Bakke is that in the three rulings the Supreme Court ruled on issues related to the rights of African Americans.

Explanation:

-The ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson of 1896 is one of the key decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States of America promoting the segregation and constitutionality of the "separate but equal" doctrine.

In 1890 the state of Louisiana passed a law requiring separate wagons for black and white people. In New Orleans, a group of citizens in an attempt to repeal the law convinced Homer Plessy, who was one-eighth of a black background to test it.

A court ruling drawn up by Judge Brown, joined by seven other judges, rejected Plessy's argument for violating the 13th Amendment, which prohibits slavery. The court also rejected the view that Louisian law would imply any inferiority of blacks as a violation of the 14th Amendment, guaranteeing equal protection of the law.

-Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a Supreme Court ruling in 1954 declaring state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional. That decision changed the court's approach in the Plessy v. Ferguson case of 1896, which allowed state-aided segregation ('separated but equal').

As a result, racial segregation has been identified as a violation of the Equal Protection Clause guaranteed by the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution. This decision paved the way for integration and the African American Civil Rights Movement.

-Regents of the University of California v. Bakke is a prominent case of the Supreme Court that has identified race as a factor that can be considered in college admissions as an active preferential treatment. However, the quota system, which set the ratio of specific races, was declared unconstitutional and judged the policy of the University of California to be illegal.

all of the following apply except for (a. excessive credit on real estate resulting in defaulted loans.

in 1819, panic swept the country due,in part, to the rapid expansion of american manufacturing during the war of 1812 and the distress caused by the post-war british competition. the rapid expansion of american farming was another factor.

explanation:

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