Under which president were the 16th and 17th amendments passed? theodore roosevelt william taft woodrow wilson louis d. brandeis eugene debs

The 16th and 17th Amendments were passed during William Taft's presidency.

Explanation:

The 16th amendment to the U.S. Constitution is the amendment that allows Congress in the United States to enact a federal income tax. Since its addition on February 3, 1913, in connection with the Federal Reserve Act, the amendment has been severely criticized.  

The 17th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States establishes the direct election of the United States Senate by popular vote. The amendment replaces Article I, Section 3, Clauses 1 and 2 of the Constitution, under which the Senate was elected by state legislatures. It also alters the method of replacing vacancies in the Senate, because it is consistent with the method of choice. The amendment was adopted in April 1913.

answer; i believe the answer is (mesopotamia); modern day