“a student asked about the treatment of parents. the master said, behave in such a way that your father and mother have no anxiety about you…filial sons are people who see to it that their parents get enough to eat. but even dogs and horses are cared for to that extent. if there is no feeling of respect, wherein lies the difference? filial piety does not consist merely in young people undertaking the hard work. it is something much more that that.” – confucius

1.how might adult children cause their parents “anxiety”?

why is providing only for parents’ physical needs treating them like farm animals?

what does confucius mean by filial piety?

“mrs. fan…petitioned to have her eldest son, fan gui, released from his criminal sentence to care for her. fan gui accidentally wounded his mother when quarreling with his younger brother. fan gui was tried and provisionally sentenced to immediate death…we again received a petition from mrs. fan stating that her third son had died, and fan yuan, her second son, had been deported. moreover, he is truly an unfilial rascal. hence, she requests that her eldest son, fan gui, be allowed to remain at home. this board…submitted a palace memorial to the emperor proposing approval of the petition…fan gui was able to remain at home.”- the case of fan gui (1821)

why was fan gui sentenced to death?

what is one reason that a criminal could be released according to chinese law?

how did fan yuan’s behavior influence the board’s decision about fan gui?

fan gui was sentenced to death because he wounded his mother while quarelling with his brother..

if the person who is the owner of the case withholds it

because they thought he was a rascal too

the bar kochba rebellion (132-135) against the roman empire, also known as the second jewish-roman war, was the second major jewish revolt in judea and the last of the great jewish-roman wars.

after the first jewish-roman war of the years 66-73, the roman authorities took measures to crush any new attempt of rebellion in judea. his political situation was modified and instead of a prefect a governor of praetorian rank was appointed, and in the ruins of jerusalem the seat of a complete roman legion, the legio x fretensis was established.

the political and religious direction of the jewish people was left in the hands of the sanhedrin, with initial headquarters in yavne.

the direct causes of the rebellion vary according to the source. the roman historian dio cassius (155-229) attributes the revolt to the decision of hadrian to found in the place of jerusalem a roman city called aelia capitolina (aelia by its own name and capitolina in honor of the roman god jupiter). on the other hand, the jewish sources, while recognizing this resolution as true, assign higher priority to the decrees dictated by hadrian that forbade the brit milah (circumcision), the respect of the sabbath and the laws of purity in the family.

hadrian's intention was to "civilize" and incorporate the jews once and for all into the greco-roman culture. for greek and roman culture, circumcision was an intolerable mutilation.

the jewish tradition tells in the midrash tanjuma a meeting between rabbi akiva and the governor turnus rufus, where he asked for an explanation about the circumcision.

an additional legion, the legio vi ferrata, moved to the province to maintain order, and work began in the year 131 after the governor of judea, turnus rufus performed the founding ceremony of aelia capitolina. a roman coin with the inscription aelia capitolina was struck in the year 132.

the tannaim rabbi akiva, who without being named nasi directed the sanhedrin, convinced the other members to support the imminent rebellion.

the jewish leaders carefully planned the second rebellion to avoid the numerous errors that had been committed in the first one. in the year 132 the rebellion led by bar kochba quickly expanded from modiim throughout the country, defeating the x roman legion based in jerusalem and destroying the xxii roman legion that had come from egypt.

one of the main reasons was definitely slavery. back in 1861, republican abraham lincoln was elected and ended up being a major influence in the slavery business. slavery greatly affected the texas economy because back in 1845 during the annexation of texas, slaves became a big part of the texas population. many texans that were in favor of the secession influenced groups through party ties.