What do both the democratic party and the republican party not officially have?

a.) national committees
b.) state and local committees
c.) war chests to spend on campaigns
d.) precinct captains
e.) political bosses

E.) Political bosses

Explanation:

The Democratic Party is commonly connected with increasingly dynamic strategies. It bolsters social and monetary equity, favoring more noteworthy government intercession in the economy however contradicting government association in the private non economic issues of natives. Democrats advocate for the social equality of minorities, and they bolster a security net for people, backing different social welfare programs, including Medicaid and sustenance stamps. To finance these projects and different activities, Democrats regularly embrace a dynamic expense. What's more, Democrats eminently bolster natural security programs, firearm control, less-strict movement laws, and laborer rights.  

Amid the nineteenth century the Republican Party remained against the expansion of subjugation to the nation's new regions and, at last, for bondage's finished annulment. Amid the twentieth and 21st hundreds of years the gathering came to be related with free enterprise private enterprise, low duties, and traditionalist social approaches.

but whats the question? ?

explanation:

answer; taking up arms to defend the nation;