Why did qing dynasty come to an end?

The qing dynasty lost the mandate of heaven because of the opium wars this made the Chinese people feel this way and lose loyalty to the rulers and the boxer rebellion had weakened China. Then China lost the opium wars and Britain took parts of China. Then China tried to hold its broken society together for another decade until it came to an end and the republic of China was established.

Which reforms did gandhi initially promote when he joined the national congress