The
real fall of soviet union started in 1989, when all the allies of USSR
(Warsaw Pact members) started to come out of communist form of
government and peaceful revolutions sparkled all across Eastern
Europe.Later, On Christmas Day 1991,Soviet Flag flew over Kremlin in
Moscow for last time ending 69 years of world's largest Empire
comprising 15 Nations.
Some of Notable Reasons for Soviet Collapse are:
Mikhail Gorbachev's Dual Policies : Gorbachev introduced two sets of policies that he hoped would help the USSR become a more prosperous, productive nation.
1.Perestroika:It
Refers to economic reforms enacted by Gorbachev in 1987, in an attempt
to reverse the Soviet Union's sliding economy. Some free market elements
were added, but not enough to bring about reform. The free-market
policies were enough to result in failed businesses, but shortages
became common as price controls were kept in place. With price ceilings
limiting profits, the incentive to produce sufficient quantities was
removed.
2.Glasnost: With the Soviet public becoming more
dissatisfied with their secretive government, Gorbachev attempted to
compensate by committing to openness and transparency with the media.
However, this backfired as the public learned of long-standing political
cover ups in leadership, social and health and the true extent of
national economic problems.
Economic Stagnation:Size
of Soviet Union was far larger than present day continents like
N.America,S.America and Europe. It has reached to a size that it became
very cumbersome to continue state planning.The massive and intricate
Soviet economy became too large to manage by state planners, who were
unwilling to give more autonomy at mid-managerial level and localized
level.This resulted in failure of economic policies which failed
to respond timely to continuous changes and provide scope for innovation.
Lack of Decentralization : Soviet
Union did allowed individual republics more autonomy but it still
withheld tax revenues.This lacked republics to exercise their Autonomy.
Lack of Proper Economic Incentives: State
Planned Economic system enjoyed benefits for tax revenue and
Industrialization but lacked in providing sufficient incentives to
encourage innovation and productivity.
Nationalism( Local ):
Some political blunders have resulted in decline of public perception
on Soviet Union and it resulted in growing Nationalism in Republics such
as Ukraine, Belarus, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
Ethnic Differences : Russia was clearly the favored and dominant state, while others were oppressed.Russians viewed themselves as superior.
As a result, non-Russians were quick to separate from the Soviet Union when it entered troubled waters.
Friendlier
relationship with USA mainly in 1980's under the leadership of Soviet
president Mikhail Gorbachev resulted in lack of motivation among public
to strengthen themselves against American Threat.
Added to these
Excessive Military Focus to keep pace with USA has resulted into grater
diversion of public revenue towards Military Production rather than
Development Schemes.
I think these are major reasons for it's fall.17.5k Views · 34 UpvotesPromoted by ClearbitYou can find nearly anyone’s email with Clearbit for Salesforce.Our free Chrome extension crawls the web and updates Salesforce with new data automatically.
