When was the fifteenth amendment ratified?

in the 1860s, after the civil war
in the 1920s, after world war i
in the 1960s, during the civil rights movement
in the 1940s, during segregation

in the 1860s, after the Civil War

The 15th Amendment was passed as the last part of the Civil War Amendments occurring after the Civil War. The amendment gave black men the right to vote.

The 15th Amendment was created in the late 1860's and was fully ratified and brought into the Constitution in 1870. The amendment was passed after the 13th and 14th amendments (ending slavery and giving blacks citizenship) fulfilling the promises of the Civil War by providing black men the right to vote. The passage of the amendment marked great success by the abolitionist groups but was not a full victory. Many southern states found ways around the amendment and passed laws to restrict voting so blacks would not be able to vote.

b) a state law could be declared illegal if it contradicted the constitution.

explanation:

the conflict of this case originated when james w. mcculloch, a cashier of the baltimore branch of the second bank of the united states that the congress had chartered in 1816, refused to pay a tax imposed by the maryland state.

in the case, the state of maryland appealed that the establishment of a second bank was unconstitutional since the constitution didn't say anything about granting that power to congress. however, the case determined that even if such right wasn't specifically stated in the constitution, it was part of the "implied powers" of the government enunciated in article i, section 8.

the case also eliminated maryland's legislation to impose taxes to a national bank, asserting that even though the states retained the power of taxation, the constitution's laws are supreme and can not be controlled by the states, therefore, if a state law contradicts the constitution, it should be declared illegal.

explanation:

offline recommendation systems option b

because recommendation systems produce a list of two ways

1. through collaborative filtering

or

2. through content-based filtering