To separate [african american children] from others . . solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority . . that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone. . the impact is greater when it has the [approval] of the law, for the policy of separating the races is usually interpreted as denoting the inferiority of [african americans]. a sense of inferiority affects the motivation of a child to learn. which statement best summarizes this passage?

The correct answer is A.

This passage is part of the reasoning included in the landmark decision reached by the US Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954. The enactment of this decision meant the end of segregation in public schools in the US and declared unconstitutional the "separate but equal" lemma that had governed the system.

Segregation had been considered constitutional under the lemma, as it was believed that the provision of rights guaranteed by the First Amendment was guaranteed for every US kid, as long as the educational facilities were equal in terms of quality, no matter whether white and black children were separated or not.

The decision reached in Brown v. Board of Education overturned the previous convictions, providing the justifications contained in the passage provided in this question, and declared segregation to be unconstitutional and urged schools to remove such system.

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relations between the soviet union and the united states were driven by a complex interplay of ideological, political, and economic factors, which led to shifts between cautious cooperation and often bitter superpower rivalry over the years. the distinct differences in the political systems of the two countries often prevented them from reaching a mutual understanding on key policy issues and even, as in the case of the cuban missile crisis, brought them to the brink of war.

the united states government was initially hostile to the soviet leaders for taking russia out of world war i and was opposed to a state ideologically based on communism. although the united states embarked on a famine relief program in the soviet union in the early 1920s and american businessmen established commercial ties there during the period of the new economic policy (1921–29), the two countries did not establish diplomatic relations until 1933. by that time, the totalitarian nature of joseph stalin's regime presented an insurmountable obstacle to friendly relations with the west. although world war ii brought the two countries into alliance, based on the common aim of defeating nazi germany, the soviet union's aggressive, antidemocratic policy toward eastern europe had created tensions even before the war ended.