Industrialization in the north caused a. artisans' wages to increase. b. a middle class to emerge. c. workers to move to suburbs. d. labor unions to dwindle

supplies had to travel a long distance across water on ships that were often attacked, so they did not reach europe

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts