After austria-hungary declared war on serbia, russia:

a. ordered the assassination of the austro-hungarian leader.
b. formed a pact with germany to support austria-hungary.
c. convinced france to launch a surprise attack against germany.
d. mobilized its military because of its alliance with serbia.

Correct  D) Russia mobilized its military because of its alliance with Serbia.

More details:

Various systems of alliances were put in place before World War I.  The two main alliance systems were the Triple Entente, which had Britain, France and Russia as allies, and the Triple Alliance, which had Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy as allies.  There were also other alliances, such as Russia taking on recently independent Serbia as an ally, as both had ethnic Slavic populations.

So here's how the start of World War I happened. When the Austrian prince and his wife were assassinated in Serbia, the Austrian government threatened the nation of Serbia with retaliatory action (even though the assassination was carried out by a terrorist group, not the Serbian government). Russia responded to Austria's threat, because Russia was bound to protect its Slavic ally, Serbia. Germany responded to the mobilization of Russian troops, and when Germany declared war on Russia in 1914, they implemented a military plan (the Schlieffen Plan), which assumed war would mean they'd have to take on all members of the Triple Entente alliance.  So as soon as Germany declared war on Russia, they sent troops to go attack France.  That pulled France and Britain into the war immediately as well, and the war spread and became a global conflict.

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simplify brackets

8 - 2a - 7 = a + 40

simplify 8 - 2a - 7 to -2a + 1

-2a + 1 = a + 40

add 2a to both sides

1 = a + 40 + 2a

simplify a + 40 + 2a to 3a + 40

1 = 3a + 40

subtract 40 from both sides

1 - 40 = 3a

simplify 1 - 40 o -39

-39 = 3a

divide both sides by 3

-39/3 = a

simplify 39/3 to 13

-13 = a

switch sides

a = -13