Which event is considered the beginning of the civil war?
the battle of bull run
the battle of fort sumter
the standoff at fort pickens
the announcement of the emancipation proclamation

It developed as a reaction to the impact of european colonialism in africa on peoples of african descent. in the  mid-20th century, activists in africa adopted pan-africanism as a rallying cry for independence from colonial rule. some african pan-africanists sought to unite the continent as one independenthope it was useful