“i have cast the die. . i will not reconcile myself to them [the roman catholic church] for all eternity. . let them condemn and burn all that belongs to me; in return i will do as much for them. . now i no longer fear, and i am publishing a book in the german tongue about christian reform, directed against the pope, in language as violent as if i were addressing the antichrist.” —martin luther, 1520

what prompted martin luther to take the actions described in the quotation?

a. the distribution of the provocative 95 theses
b. the spread of the printed bible in the vernacular
c. the excommunication of luther by pope leo x
d .luther’s rejection of papal authority and his refusal to recant