The president pro tempore of the senate is

President Pro Tempore of the Senate is the person who holds the presidency of the Senate, in the absence of the Vice President. He also holds the presidency if the President and the Vice President and the Speaker of the House of Representatives are no longer able to do so. The President Pro Tempore is elected by the members of the Senate. In practice, it is usually the longest-serving member of the majority party.

In the current Senate the post is filled by Iowa Republican senator Chuck Grassley.

i confess that there are several parts of this constitution which i do not at present approve, but i am not sure i shall never approve them: for having lived long, i have experienced many instances of being obliged by better information or fuller consideration, to change opinions even on important subjects, which i once thought right, but found to be otherwise. it is therefore that the older i grow, the more apt i am to doubt my own judgment, and to pay more respect to the judgment of others.

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