How did the united states assert itself as an independent nation?

One reason could be that in 1823 the United States developed a policy that they will not be tolerating any interference or colonialism by Europe anymore which was called “The Monroe Doctrine” because of the President James Monroe who first stated the doctrine. Though the term “Monroe Doctrine” was coined much later in 1850.

a and c?

i think it is a and c

it's a secular holiday. it is and was a custom developed to recognize the ending of a time and a wish for a good future. the kind of kiss you exchange, if you are single, is intended to predict what kind of year you will have in the coming year.

it is saying good bye to the last year with all its ups and downs, and hello to the new year, with all its hopes and dreams.