During the rise of capitalism in europe, merchants and bankers began to establish (1) systems based on bartering (2) rules that forbid loans to the wealthy (3) quotas to control production (4) insurance companies and joint stock companies

(4) insurance companies and joint stock companies.

Explanation:

These were some of the institutions that were established during the period of time that saw the rise of capitalism in Europe. During this time, Europe saw a transition from a mercantilist economy (one mostly focused on the trade of goods and the belief that there is a limited amount of wealth in the world) to a capitalist economy that relied on a price system and private ownership of capital. Insurance companies and joint stock companies developed as a reaction to this, and allowed the ideological move to occur more easily.

i confess that there are several parts of this constitution which i do not at present approve, but i am not sure i shall never approve them: for having lived long, i have experienced many instances of being obliged by better information or fuller consideration, to change opinions even on important subjects, which i once thought right, but found to be otherwise. it is therefore that the older i grow, the more apt i am to doubt my own judgment, and to pay more respect to the judgment of others.

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explanation:

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