Which phrase best describes the new world order?
a. a foreign policy stance that advocates multilateral engagement for the good and protection of an allied country
b. a foreign policy stance that sets up a hierarchy within an alliance and puts the interests of the united states first
c. a foreign policy stance that seeks to open markets, protects the interests of the united states above all, and defends weaker nations
d. a foreign policy stance that espouses a unilateral approach to protecting the best interests of the united states

A. a foreign policy stance that advocates multilateral engagement for the good and protection of an allied country

Explanation:

The New World Order - or New World Geopolitical Order - means the international geopolitical plane of power and force correlations between National States after the end of the Cold War.

With the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the world was faced with a new political configuration. The sovereignty of the United States and of capitalism extended to practically the whole world and NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) was consolidated as the largest and most powerful international military treaty. The planet, which was once in the so-called Cold War Bipolar Order, began to look for a new term to designate the new political plan.

The first term that can be designated to define the New World Order is unipolarity, since, from a military point of view, the US has become sovereign in the face of the impossibility of any other country to rival the Americans in this regard.

The second expression used is multipolarity, because after the end of the Cold War, military might was no longer the main criterion to be established to determine the global potentiality of a National State, but economic power. In this plan, new fronts emerged to rival the USA, namely: Japan and the European Union, at first, and China at a second, especially from the late 2000s.

Finally, we have a third, more consensual proposal: unimultipolarity. This term is used to denote the dual character of the global order of power: “uni” to designate US military and political supremacy and “multi” to designate multiple centers of economic power.

a. competition between france and england for land and power

the process is called revolution because it was a process of great economic-social transformations that began in england in the xviii century.

the industrial mode of production spread throughout much of the northern hemisphere throughout the xix and early xx centuries.

the effect of this revolution was the distance between the countries, with respect to economic and political power.   after all, not all industrialized at the same time, remaining in the condition of suppliers of raw materials and agricultural products to the industrialized countries.

these differences mark to this day the nations of the world that are divided between developed and developing countries. one way to measure whether a country is advanced is to assess how industrialized it is.