What forces drove the revolutions of the 1700s 1800s and early 1900s essay?

This period is also known as the "Age of revolution" where new ideas developed and mostly shaped the revolutions in Europe and America, This phase of revolution can say drove with a force of "enlightenment" among the people of Europe and America.

Enlightenment with the new idea of "Democratic government" against the absolute monarchy and colonial regimes, this new idea shaped the "American revolution" in America and the "French revolution" in France where people are not satisfied with the regime.

#2 the answer is d

#3 the answer is a

#4 the answer is b

the answer is a, salt plain