How did the united states constitution expand upon basic ideas about government that the colonists had developed up to the time of the constitutional convention?

The Constitution set down the idea that the government was to be divided into branches that would be voted upon by the constituencies in the area (at least, in the case of the legislatures). In addition, it held for courts to be created that would rule upon the laws created and passed by the other two branches. Third, it added the idea of an elected executive, in comparison to the systems found in other areas of the world, which mostly had appointed leaders or leaders by divine right.