According to the text, what had Douglass become by the time the Civil War began?

In 1861 tensions over slavery erupted into civil war, which Douglass argued was about more than union and state's rights. He saw the conflict as the seismic event needed to end slavery in America. Douglass knew that this new freedom had to be won both on and off the battlefield.

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explanation:

i believe the answer is d. it was not uncommon for people to faint or even convulse at these high-energy meetings.