What were the effects of the crusades? HELPPP PLSSS

=> an increased presence of Christians in the Levant during the Middle Ages.

=> the development of military orders.

=> a polarisation of the East and West based on religious differences.

=> the specific application of religious goals to warfare in the Levant, Iberian peninsula, and Baltic region, in particular.

=> the increased role and prestige of the popes and the Catholic Church in secular affairs.

=> the souring of relations between the West and the Byzantine Empire leading, ultimately, to the latter's destruction.

=> an increase in the power of the royal houses of Europe.

=> a stronger collective cultural identity in Europe.

=> an increase in xenophobia and intolerance between Christians and Muslims, and between Christians and Jews, heretics and pagans.

=> an increase in international trade and exchange of ideas and technology.

=> an increase in the power of such Italian states as Venice, Genoa, and Pisa.

=> the appropriation of many Christian relics to Europe.

=> the use of a religious historical precedent to justify colonialism, warfare and terrorism.

monopolies  came to the united states with the colonial administration. the large-scale public works needed to make the new world hospitable to old world immigrants required large companies to carry them out. these companies were granted exclusive contracts for these works by the colonial administrators. even after the american revolution, many of these colonial holdovers still functioned due to the contracts and land

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the properties of a free-market system that determine what the out comes will be.