1. What continents were left untouched by explorers? 2. Use the map to fill in this table- must do at least 3 explorers

By the end of the 1800s, there was a change in the nature of the immigrants coming to the united states. immigration from northern europe—england, ireland, germany, and scandinavia—declined, while immigration from italy, russia, and austria-hungary grew. in fact, between 1900 and 1910, more than three-fourths of all immigrants came from these three countries. unfortunately, these countries were far removed england, the home of our founders, and the immigrants who came from them had a hard time adjusting to life in their new country.

Historians use periodization in order to: a. decide when a certain historical even took place. b. divide history into units with distinct start and end dates. c. criticize arguments made about the past. d. organize history into different timelines

Read the following passage from muir's "calypso borealis" and respond to the prompt. [2] the rarest and most beautiful of the flowering plants i discovered on this first grand excursion was calypso borealis (the hider of the north). i had been fording streams more and more difficult to cross and wading bogs and swamps that seemed more and more extensive and more difficult to force one's way through. entering one of these great tamarac and arbor-vitae swamps one morning, holding a general though very crooked course by compass, struggling through tangled drooping branches and over and under broad heaps of fallen trees, i began to fear that i would not be able to reach dry ground before dark, and therefore would have to pass the night in the swamp and began, faint and hungry, to plan a nest of branches on one of the largest trees or windfalls like a monkey's nest, or eagle's, or indian's in the flooded forests of the orinoco described by humboldt. [3] but when the sun was getting low and everything seemed most bewildering and discouraging, i found beautiful calypso on the mossy bank of a stream, growing not in the ground but on a bed of yellow mosses in which its small white bulb had found a soft nest and from which its one leaf and one flower sprung. the flower was white and made the impression of the utmost simple purity like a snowflower. no other bloom was near it, for the bog a short distance below the surface was still frozen, and the water was ice cold. it seemed the most spiritual of all the flower people i had ever met. i sat down beside it and fairly cried for joy. how do authors communicate their tone in a piece of writing? identify the tone (or tones) of this passage. explain how the tone(s) is created, providing at least two examples from the passage and explaining how each contributes specifically to the tone(s) you identified. your response should be a paragraph of 5–7 sentences.