PLEASE HELP IF YOU CAN I DONT HAVE THAT MUCH TIME Describe the differences
between the Umayyads and the first four caliphs. How did each group of rulers treat non-Arab Muslims?What might be a reason for the difference?

difference between the two dynasties lies in their orientation towards the sea and land. While the capital of the Islamic world under Umayyad Dynasty was Damascus, the capital of Syria, it shifted to Baghdad under Abbasid Dynasty. The role and power of women during Umayyad Dynasty was significant.

the conditions that made the byzantine empire vulnerable to attacks by the muslin turks were the sack of constantinople by western crusaders, the conquests of the sultanate of rum, presence of rival kingdoms and finally the set up of fiefdoms at the empire which were owned by the ghazis (turkish warriors).

increases in demand are shown by a shift to the right in the demand curve. this could be caused by a number of factors, including a rise in income, a rise in the price of a substitute or a fall in the price of a complement.

which the answer is:

b