How have the political parties served as gate keepers to keep authoritarians out of the white house? What sort of institutions did the founders create to act as gatekeepers to prevent unqualified individuals from becoming serious candidates for president?

the punishment for breaking the law would depend on the conditions or the seriousness of the law being broken, if he or she breaks the law while doing some great discovery or invention then it would classify as a scientific fraud. there are other words to describe the crime but scientific fraud would be the harshest one.

if the government does something the people dont like i tihnk threre would be a revolt

the answer to your question is

the treaty of hopewell