Which of the following was essential to the development of civilizations?

in 1897, pershing became a tactical officer at west point, and that's where he was given the nickname "black jack." pershing's first name is "john," for which "jack" is a nickname, and he was a white man who commanded black troops. hence "black jack".

"globalization has greatly impacted the united states and american citizens. first and foremost, globalization has spread american influence throughout the world. globalization has opened up more markets for the united states, which in effect american companies sell their products worldwide. there has been a rise of multinational corporations and their influence has greatly increased."

probably that america is racist