Base your answer to question 28 on the summaries of the “New Laws” quoted below and on your knowledge of social studies. . . . Art. 31. All Indians held in encomienda by the viceroys, by their lieutenants, royal officers, prelates, monasteries, hospitals, religious houses, mints, the treasury, etc., are to be transferred forthwith to the Crown. . . .

Art. 38. Lawsuits involving Indians are no longer to be tried in the Indies, or by the Council of the Indies, but must be pleaded before the King himself. . . .
— New Laws issued by Emperor Charles V, 1542–1543

28. One purpose of these laws was to

1.reduce local authority and increase central control

2.increase religious authority and limit secular influences

3.guarantee citizenship to Indians while supporting traditional practices

4.promote economic development while expanding political rights for Indians