The role of professionals and traditional leaders​

c) they were beaten and fired from their jobs.

to reform the distraught soviet union, the democratization of the communist party was promoted through party secretary mikhail gorbachev's policies of “perestroika” and “glasnost.” perestroika refers to the reconstruction of the political and economic system established by the communist party.

the western roman empire flourished, but the eastern portion of the empire struggled.