All of the following helped in the effort to free Texas from Spanish rule EXCEPT:

a. Rebels

b. Pirates

c. Joaquín Arredondo

d. James Long​

Im pretty sure it's pirates :)

Explanation:

I hope this helped!

all of the following apply except for (a. excessive credit on real estate resulting in defaulted loans.

in 1819, panic swept the country due,in part, to the rapid expansion of american manufacturing during the war of 1812 and the distress caused by the post-war british competition. the rapid expansion of american farming was another factor.

explanation:

although the crusades failed to capture jerusalem, they had several major impacts on western europe. they increased the authority of the king: sometimes nobles died in battle without leaving an heir in which case the king got their land. kings passed taxes to pay for the crusades.