When did racism first begin? And What period in time. BC, C, CC, etc Please someone, I need this quick

Which of the following european countries settled the first colonies in america

Which statement is true of both presidential and parliamentary systems of government?

What were copernicus’s ideas about the order of the universe deemed to be dangerous to church thinking? (5 points) a.the church was invested in the idea that the earth was at the center of the universe b.copernicus was developing a new religion that would challenge the church c.the church feared his ideas threatened their control of european universities d.copernicus was a follower of luther and therefore could not be trusted