The Treaty of Tordesillas
provided the Portuguese with

Any lands east of the South America belonged to Portugal.

Explanation:

The Treaty of Tordesillas was an agreement entered into by the Spanish Empire and the Portuguese Empire. It was originally created in Tordesillas, Spain on June 7, 1494, and later signed by both parties on 2 July 1494 in Spain and 5 September 1494 in Portugal, and finally on 24 January 1505 by Pope Julius II.

It resulted in dividing the lands of South America and its surrounding, by making the east belong to Portugal and the lands to the west to Spain.

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independent innovation during the abbasid caliphate