What role do you believe humans' adaptation will play in our species' survival in the future?
In my perspective, the human species can and will overcome any challenges that are thrown our way. We have been doing it for hundreds of years and will continue to do so no matter what sad events occur.
In several biological and cultural ways, the human body adapts to shifting environmental pressures. We can acclimate to a wide range of temperatures and humidity levels. When we travel to high elevations, our bodies adjust to ensure that our cells get enough oxygen. Internal and environmental pressures such as bacterial and viral diseases, air and water pollution, nutritional imbalance, and overcrowding cause physiological responses.
We have been able to survive in most parts of the world because of our ability to quickly adapt to changing environmental conditions. We can survive in wet tropical woods, severe deserts, frigid wastelands, and even heavily populated cities with significant pollution levels. Because of their limited flexibility, most other animal and plant species are bound to one or a few settings.
Successful adaptation may arise through biological evolution when environmental stress is continuous and lasts for many generations. Individuals who inherit a characteristic that allows them to respond better to specific challenges are more likely to live longer and pass on more of their genes to the next generation. Natural selection is the process of evolution. People whose ancestors lived in locations where endemic malaria has existed for thousands of years, for example, generally inherit some level of immunity to this deadly disease. The high prevalence of sickle-cell trait among Central Africans is largely due to malaria's indirect selection for this trait. Heterozygous bearers of the sickling gene are at a selective advantage because they do not suffer sickle-cell anemia and are adequately resistant to the malarial pathogen. Our ability to create sweat as a means of cooling our bodies in hot situations is another example of a genetic response to environmental stress. Because our immediate pre-human predecessors were tropical animals, it is not unexpected that we have this skill.
It takes several generations for genetic changes in response to environmental pressures to become ubiquitous in a population. Fortunately, as individuals, we have alternative options for responding more swiftly during our lifespan. The term "adjustment" is used to describe these non-heritable, short-term physiological alterations. The term "adaptation" refers to inheritable genetic alterations that occur over a lengthy period in a population.
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