Marbury v. Madison asserted •the federal government's implied powers.
•the Supreme Court's power of judicial review.
•the federal government's power to regulate
interstate commerce.

after a more than a decade and a half of combating al qaeda (aq) in afghanistan and pakistan,

the united states faces a diverse array of threats from al qaeda affiliates in the middle east and

africa. while senior al qaeda figures reportedly remain based in pakistan, the network includes

a number of affiliates across the middle east and africa including al qaeda in the arabian

peninsula (aqap), al qaeda in the islamic maghreb (aqim), and al shabaab. al qaeda also

retains a small but possibly growing presence in afghanistan. u.s. officials have stated that al

qaeda still maintains a foothold in syria through its ties to hay’at tahrir al sham (formerly

known as the nusra front), though the exact nature of that relationship may be evolving. this

report examines the threat posed by al qaeda affiliates in the middle east and africa as described

by u.s. officials and outside observers, as well as the u.s. approach to date in responding to these

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a plantation economy is an economy based on agricultural mass production, usually of a few commodity crops grown on large farms called plantations. plantation economies rely on the export of cash crops as a source of income.

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a causal relation between two events exists if the occurrence of the first causes the other. the first event is called the cause and the second event is called the effect. a correlation between two variables does not imply causation.

explanation: