Why did Pope Urban II issue the call to arms that initiated the Crusades? The pope hoped to protect Christians in the East and, mainly, to recapture the Holy Land from Muslim Turks.

The Jews in Palestine had overtaken Jerusalem and had restricted access of the city to Christians.

Muslim armies had massacred thousands of Jews who lived in Byzantium.

The Turkish leader Saladin had invaded Constantinople and placed himself on the throne.

Hin t in the section titled, "what can be done? " of "battling the digital jolly roger," what is one of the problems caused by piracy that the author lists? he section titled, "what can be done? " of "battling the digital jolly roger," what is one of the problems caused by piracy that the author lists? ow does the writer's point of view in "the completely free market" affect the credibility of the article? a. it's written in the third person, which allows the author to examine all sides of the debate. b. since it's written in the first person, it doesn't objectively present all sides of the argument. c. since it's written in the second person, it puts the reader in the writer's position, and gives the reader more to consider from this perspective. d. it's written in the first person, but is conducted as an interview with several different sources, providing a full-circle debate.