Describe the philosophies (the nine "isms") which influenced the following schools of psychology and the nature of that influence: Voluntarism, structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, and gestalt psychology

All the philosophy are given below.

Explanation:

Voluntarism is the theory or philosophy that God or the ultimate nature of reality is to be conceived as some form of will. Behaviorism, also known as behavioral psychology, is a theory of learning based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning.

Structuralism is the intellectual movement that associated with the Western conversation of Levi-Strauss, Marx, and Althusser.

Functionalism is a theory or philosophy that is based on the premise that all aspects of a society institutions, roles, norms, etc which serve a purpose  for the long-term survival of the society.

Gestalt psychology is a philosophy or school of thought that looks at both the human mind and behavior.

jim crow law, in u.s. history, any of the laws in which racial was enforced, in the south between the finish of reconstruction in 1877 and the start of the social liberties development during the 1950s.

jim crow was the name of a minstrel routine( jump jim crow) performed starting in 1828 by its creator, thomas dartmouth ("daddy") rice, and by numerous imitators, including on-screen character joseph jefferson.

the term came to be a defamatory sobriquet for african americans and an assignment for their segregated life. the segregation rule was stretched out to parks, graveyards, theaters, and eateries with an end goal to keep any contact among blacks and whites as equivalents.

it was classified on neighborhood and state levels and most broadly with the "separate yet equivalent" choice of the u.s. preeminent court in plessy v. ferguson (1896).

d

explanation: