5. How did the country respond to the urgings of Alfred T. Mahan and other proponents of bolstering the country's naval forces?

nothing did. japan is wierd and always was.

to replace ineffective because   andrew jackson's spoil system was a deliberate policy after he became president to remove federal employees he considered to be political opponents and replace them with his own supporters.

the answer is c. your welcome.

b. young children below the minimum age were working