The author who described the problems of industrialized England was

the first forms of writing came from them in the form of pictographs around 3100 bc.

the amount of the purse is, $120.

tax rate =9%

first find the the total tax she paid on the amount is equal to the 9% of $120 i.e,

now,

total amount paid by shalika = $120 +$10.8 = $130.8

it granted civil rights to african americans.