What was one way Ivan III and Ivan IV strengthened their authoritarian rule? a. They allied themselves with the Mongols.

b. They encouraged peasants to present grievances.

c. They increased trade with Western Europe.

d. They limited the power of the boyars.

the correct answer is: the fact that the anti-federalist papers were considered poorly written.

simplify brackets

8 - 2a - 7 = a + 40

simplify 8 - 2a - 7 to -2a + 1

-2a + 1 = a + 40

add 2a to both sides

1 = a + 40 + 2a

simplify a + 40 + 2a to 3a + 40

1 = 3a + 40

subtract 40 from both sides

1 - 40 = 3a

simplify 1 - 40 o -39

-39 = 3a

divide both sides by 3

-39/3 = a

simplify 39/3 to 13

-13 = a

switch sides

a = -13

protected civil liberties and outlawed slavery in the new territories.