The New England population grew by natural increase in large part because 1. most married women had children
2. almost no children died before reaching adulthood
3. the church encouraged childbearing
4. almost no children died in childbirth

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The natural increases in the population in the 17th century were in large part a result of steady improvement in the balance between men and women in the colonies.In the early early years of settlement, more than 3/4 of the white population of the Chesapeake consisted of men.

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c. the passage of the fifteenth amendment