[Please do not answer this question without answering the six questions simply because of the point value it contains. Don't be one of those people who answers the questions with the bare minimum response. Please answer these questions with actual consideration and care. I'd appreciate it. I'll mark you Brainliest for whichever one of you provides thorough and in-depth answers and explanations. Thank you.] Read the following document and answer the questions that are given:
Karl Marx Excerpts from, The Communist Manifesto, 1848 by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels
Introduction:
“A spectre is haunting Europe -- the spectre[threat] of Communism. All the Powers of old Europe have entered into a holy alliance to exorcise[rid] this spectre: Pope and Czar, Metternich and Guizot, French Radicals and German police-spies.
…Where is the Opposition that has not hurled back the branding reproach of Communism, against the more advanced opposition parties, as well as against its reactionary adversaries?
Two things result from this fact.
1. Communism is already acknowledged by all European Powers to be itself a Power.
2. It is high time that Communists should openly, in the face of the whole world, publish their views, their aims, their tendencies, and meet this nursery tale of the Spectre of Communism with a Manifesto of the party itself.
I. Bourgeois and Proletarians
The history of all hitherto existing societies is the history of class struggles.
Freeman and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guild-master and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed, stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on an uninterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, a fight that each time ended, either in a revolutionary re-constitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contending classes.
In the earlier epochs of history, we find almost everywhere a complicated arrangement of society into various orders, a manifold gradation of social rank. In ancient Rome we had patricians, knights, plebeians, slaves; in the Middle Ages, feudal lords, vassals, guild-masters, journeymen, apprentices, serfs; in almost all of these classes, again, subordinate gradations.
The modern bourgeois society that has sprouted from the ruins of feudal society has not done away with clash antagonisms. It has but established new classes, new conditions of oppression, new forms of struggle in place of the old ones. Our epoch(time), the epoch of the bourgeoisie, possesses, however, this distinctive feature: it has simplified the class antagonisms: Society as a whole is more and more splitting up into two great hostile camps, into two great classes, directly facing each other: Bourgeoisie and Proletariat...”
The System of Capitalism
Competition . . . implies winners and losers . . . causes the rise of monopoly capitalism. 2. The lack of centralized planning . . . results in the overproduction of some goods and the underproduction of others . . .causing . . . inflation and depression. 3. The control of the state by the wealthy. 4.Creates social problems because of the great gap between the rich and the poor.
Questions
1. Why did Marx and Engels write their Communist Manifesto?
2. What does Marx say about the history of societies?
3. What labels does Marx use to describe the two classes?
4. Which of the two labels would be compared to a Middle Ages serf?
5. Does Marx believe the relationship between the two classes are friendly? Underline the text to support your answer.
6. Marx talks about the “lack of centralized planning” of the market. In Marx’s economy, who would do the planning?
7. What would Adam Smith think about “centralized planning of the market?”