What method(s) were used to protect the Umayyad rule in Muslim Spain?

Why did many nations resist napoleons rules

By the end of the 1800s, there was a change in the nature of the immigrants coming to the united states. immigration from northern europe—england, ireland, germany, and scandinavia—declined, while immigration from italy, russia, and austria-hungary grew. in fact, between 1900 and 1910, more than three-fourths of all immigrants came from these three countries. unfortunately, these countries were far removed england, the home of our founders, and the immigrants who came from them had a hard time adjusting to life in their new country.

The clergy comprised the wealthy first estate, with members of noble descent in particular having a great deal of power. what was the score of the clergy’s wealth