I need help can someone answer one or both of the questions I’d highly appreciate it:)

The protestant reformation was a religious reform that started around the 1500's It resulted in a new branch of Christianity called Protestantism and separated itself from the Roman Catholic Church. This was caused by a difference in doctrine between the two.

The counter reformation served to solidify the doctrine that the protestants opposed this includes the authority of the pope the veneration of saints etc.

hope this helps :)

Explanation:

in 1897, pershing became a tactical officer at west point, and that's where he was given the nickname "black jack." pershing's first name is "john," for which "jack" is a nickname, and he was a white man who commanded black troops. hence "black jack".

valentina tereshkova

soviet cosmonaut valentina tereshkova became the first woman to fly to space when she launched on the vostok 6 mission june 16, 1963. valentina tereshkova was the first woman to go into space. in 1963, she spent almost three days in space and orbited earth 48 times in her space capsule, vostok 6.jan 22, 2018