Anarchists in late-nineteenth-century Europe Select one: a. often preferred direct action through unions and cooperatives rather than through parliamentary politics. b. were more conservative than socialists. c. overthrew governments in France and Italy. d. started the Russian Revolution.

i would say your answer is a)

sorry if im wrong

islamic religious leaders have traditionally been people who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation. however, in the modern contexts of muslims minorities in non-muslim countries as well as secularised muslim states like turkey, indonesia and bangladesh, religious leadership may take a variety of non-formal shapes.

compared to religious leaders/clerics of the other abrahamic faiths, islamic clergy are said to resemble rabbis and not priests. unlike catholic priests they do not "serve as intermediaries between mankind and god",[1] have "process of ordination",[2] or "sacramental functions",[1] but instead serve as "exemplars, teachers, judges, and community leaders," providing religious rules to the pious on "even the most minor and private" matters.[1]

you didn't list the options. however, a few communist countries today are: the people's republic of china, north korea, and cuba.