What was the overall purpose of black codes passed by the new southern legislatures

Answerwho is the first goverment en united state

What motivated germany to make an alliance with austria-hungary?   a.  fear of aggression from the united states      b.  fear of aggression from france      c.  the desire to invade russia      d.  fear of aggression from england

Which russian tsar transformed thr royal residence in st. petersburg, the hermitage, into a center of culture, painting, and the performing arts