Read the following quotation from Catholic bishop Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet at the court of Louis XIV. Rulers then act as the ministers of God and as his lieutenants on earth. It is through them that God exercises his empire. . . . Consequently, as we have seen, the royal throne is not the throne of a man, but the throne of God himself.

Who would most likely have disagreed with the bishop’s point of view?

a French aristocrat
a bishop who was not a member of the royal court
a member of the British Parliament
an absolute monarch from Spain or Russia