Connection Questions 1. Linnaeus tested the idea that all living things are related to one another. What ideas were Blumenbach and Camper testing? To what extent were their methods good science—in the sense that they rigorously tested their hypotheses? To what extent did their approaches question "conventional wisdom"? To what extent did they reinforce conventional wisdom?

2. Linnaeus, Blumenbach, and Camper were all men of faith. How did their religious beliefs shape their observations of the natural world? What other aspects of their identity may have influenced the way they viewed differences among humankind? The value they placed on the similarities among humankind?

3. Why do you think Blumenbach regarded physical beauty as proof of superiority? Would he agree that "beauty is in the eye of the beholder"? How do notions of beauty affect the value we attach to individuals and groups?

4. Look carefully at Camper’s illustration. If po