Why do some historians argue that the common experience of the frontier was one of hardship and failure?

c.) the country needed a stronger central government.

although the crusades failed to capture jerusalem, they had several major impacts on western europe. they increased the authority of the king: sometimes nobles died in battle without leaving an heir in which case the king got their land. kings passed taxes to pay for the crusades.

if the government does something the people dont like i tihnk threre would be a revolt

the answer would be c epic   an epic is a long narrative poem about a heroic figure