Why did the pope send the catholics on the crusades

When early settlers began to move north, they moved north of the 49th parallel. puget sound. seattle. the columbia river.

(05.04 mc) how did the roman transportation system keep the empire strong? plz

What was one important characteristic of the russian military during world war i? a. it had more advanced military technology than its western european allies. b. it was an all-volunteer military that enjoyed high morale throughout the war. c. it defended russian territory but refused to attack german positions d. it was unable to provide its forces with adequate weapons and supplies.