I’m 1683, Christian Europe was saved from the final great surge of Islam by the successful defense of what in Austria?

b) the confederacy had to pay all union war expenses.

formulating the initial idea for the policy

answer is c.

true

explanation:

roosevelt believed that in light of the country's recent military successes, it was unnecessary to use force to achieve foreign policy goals, so long as the military could threaten force. this belief, and his strategy of “speaking softly and carrying a big stick,” shaped much of roosevelt's foreign policy.